Neoliberalism is an ideology that rose to prominence during the 1980s. It emphasises free markets, deregulation, and increased global economic integration.

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) asserts that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas would be viewed as a potentially hostile act against the US. Its modern revival refers to recent efforts to reassert the US sphere of influence to counter the growing presence of other powers (e.g., China, Russia) in South America.

Human influence refers to the ability of AI systems to exert influence over humans by mimicking human features and behaviours. Examples of this include strategic human-like bargaining, persuasion, and emotional engagement.

During crises, commercial banks and firms may struggle to obtain market credit. In such situations, central banks may use direct credit allocation mechanisms, such as providing loans to banks or, more rarely, directly to firms. 

These tools allow central banks to channel cheaper credit to specific sectors (e.g., by offering discounted funding to banks conditional on lending to targeted sectors, by lending directly to firms in that sector, or through sector-specific bond purchases).

Hybrid warfare refers to state actions designed to undermine another state without declaring open war (such as cyber-attacks, disinformation campaigns, and damage to infrastructure).

A golden share is a single, unique, state-held share that grants the government special veto and approval powers over strategic corporate decisions (such as foreign ownership, technology transfer, or asset relocation). Golden shares are typically created and transferred to the government through legislative or executive action.

"Social justice speak" refers to the growing use of academic and activist terms about structural oppression and social inequality in everyday conversations, outside academic or activist settings. Examples include, but are not limited to, terms like: “mansplaining,” “white privilege,” “microaggressions,” and “intersectionality.”

"Moralised journalism" refers to media outlets taking an explicit moral or values-driven approach in their reporting. Such outlets would take a clear and consistent stance on the issues they cover. This may include coverage that emphasises moral outrage, the use of emotionally charged language, and links to broader social narratives. 

Bulgaria has a flat tax system, applying a uniform 10% income tax after meeting a minimum income threshold.

A progressive tax system is a taxation model in which the tax rate increases as taxable income increases.